A - Preamble

The ideology of Muttahida Quami Movement (MQM) is an amalgam of three symbolic concepts: unison, integration and dynamism. These concepts can only be achieved through the instrument of “Realism” and “Practicalism” (Pragmatism). The abolishment of medieval feudal system, the eradication of political authoritarianism, economic inequality and social disharmony and the promotion of cultural pluralism are our cherished goals. These ideals are derived from the teachings of Mr Altaf Hussain, Founder and Leader of the MQM.

Public life in Pakistan, as perceived by MQM, is not solely political, but equally, intellectual, moral, cultural, religious, social and economic. It represents not a select few, rather a multitude that is termed masses and MQM is the party of this very entity. It seeks to bring about such innovative changes that will revolutionize and improve the quality of life of the common man. To achieve this end MQM has devised a three-pronged strategy. First is decentralization of power and functions from top to the grass root level. Second, eradication of a decadent feudal system wherein a coterie of privileged two per cent dictate and determine the fate of ninety eight percent disadvantaged. Third, induction of the multitude into the power structure so as to provide maximum opportunity to the economic-cum- socially deprived rung of the population to enjoy progress and prosperity not only for them but also for their generations.
MQM is a peace loving political party, which believes in non-violence and opposes terrorism in all forms and manifestations.

MQM wants an independent and non-aligned foreign policy for the country and wishes to promote close and friendly relations with all the countries. MQM believes that all disputes should be settled through meaningful and honourable negotiations.
MQM wants to strengthen the defence of the country. Such policies should be formulated that will enable every individual of every region of the country to be recruited into the armed forces.

B - Objectives
(1) Revival of the true spirit of Lahore Resolution
(2) Autonomy & Decentralisation: The jugular vein of Federation
(3) Restructred polity
(4) Accelerated development of human capital
(5) New paradigms of economic growth
(6) Guarantees for security of life & liberty
(7) Eradication of decadent feudal system

(1) Revival of the true spirit of Lahore Resolution
The Preambles of the abrogated Constitution of 1956 and the mutilated Constitution of 1973 are the carbon copies of the Preamble of the draft Constitution of 1954. The following clause had been incorporated in all the three Constitutions:

Whereas the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed and whereas adequate provision shall be made for the minority freely to profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures.

All of the constitutions including the 1973 Constitution failed to provide the fundamental rights, security, democracy, freedom, social justice and equality to the people of Pakistan specially to the people of smaller provinces. Even each of these Constitutions could not protect itself. The main reason not to achieve the above objectives and failure of these constitutions was the non-inclusion of the true spirit of Lahore Resolution of 1940 which was the basis of Pakistan Movement. Consequently, in the name of democracy a bureaucrat-turned-politician dismissed the then Prime Minister who enjoyed the support of majority in 1953. In the name of freedom, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved because it had proposed to clip the wings of an autocrat Governor General in 1954. In the name of equality, smaller provinces were abolished to evolve so-called parity, in 1955, to deny to the people of Majority Province (former East Pakistan) their rightful place in national affairs. Separate electorates, the rampant and unabated religious bigotry, sectarianism, ethnicity and tribal feuds resulting in violence, arson and murders did not conform to the precept of tolerance. Social justice remained on papers only. More than 43% of the people live below the poverty line.

The civil and military autocrats have made so many amendments to the Constitution of 1973 without the consent of the people that it has lost its original form, spirit and utility.
Keeping in view the inadequacy, imperfection and failure of the Constitution of 1973 to provide provincial autonomy and genuine democracy and to ensure a better quality of life to the teeming millions- inalienable fundamental rights, equal economic opportunities, justice, security of life and property, provision of basic needs like shelter, potable water, electricity etc., MQM proposes the formulation of a new Constitution by an Assembly with equal representation from all the constituent units. The proposed Constitution not only envisages the reincarnation of the spirit of Lahore Resolution of 1940 but will also be in conformity with the genius and aspiration of people.

It is visualized that the New Constitution will have all the salient features of a true federation- supremacy of Parliament; autonomy of the provinces- federation having only three subjects i.e., defence, foreign affairs and currency; bicameral legislature with meaningful powers to both Houses; joint electorates; independence of judiciary; free press; gender equality with no discrimination-- equality of all citizens before law irrespective of cast, sect, colour, religion, language, and equal representation of all the constituent units in all federal services. We have to have freedom of thought, of expression, of speech, of movement, of religion, of press and of association and concepts of such freedom as are enshrined in all Codes of Ethics & Humanity and Constitutions of the democratic world including our own.

All citizens, Muslims or non-Muslims, will have complete freedom to profess and practice their religion and rituals without discrimination. MQM will not defend those arbitrary laws that were designed by any regime to discriminate and penalize a person-male or female and or community for his/her or their personal faith, belief or creed. We stand committed to mitigate the sufferings of the poor and the weak and to elevate the deprived sections of the society to the level of equality to live a life of dignity.

(2) Autonomy & Decentralisation: The jugular vein of Federation
The twenty first century is the century of information technology, greater awareness and decentralisation. Those countries that have opted for decentralisation have become stronger and prosperous while the countries that insisted upon centralisation have become weaker and even disintegrated.

The All India Muslim Leagues adopted the Resolution at Lahore on 23rd March 1940 inter alia proclaimed in unequivocal terms the autonomous status for the constituent units. On 8th November 1945 Quaid-e-Azam stated that the theory of Pakistan guarantees that the federated units of the National Government would have all the autonomy that you will find in the Constitution of USA, Canada and Australia.

All the Constituent/Legislative Assemblies and the successive Governments since 1954 through manipulations opted for a federation in form but a unitary system in substance. East Pakistan, having failed to wrest the promised autonomy, seceded but the situation did not improve rather worsened. Smaller Provinces became the victims of centralization as they were denied their due share in power structure, federal institutions, resources and revenues. Their legitimate share of water from Indus system is denied. They have no powers to govern their own provinces. Their best lands have been taken over by federal agencies just to be doled out to the privileged few. Their share in federal services remained negligible. They have no say in economic planning, selection of mega projects and in negotiating loans for federal government, the incidence of which falls upon the smaller provinces.

Such state of affairs has created a deep sense of deprivation in the smaller provinces that would be dangerous for the national integrity and the federation of Pakistan. We have witnessed the disintegration of Pakistan in 1971 due to the similar circumstances.
In view of this situation MQM has come to the conclusion that Provincial Autonomy and decentralisation is a sine qua non for the internal stability of Pakistan. The MQM, therefore, stands committed to strive for complete economic, financial and administrative autonomy and political freedom for provinces through measures listed below:

a) Make Senate an effective body for the protection of constituent units rights.

b) The provinces shall have full provincial autonomy in accordance with the spirit of Lahore Resolution of 1940. The Federation will have only three subjects; defence, foreign affairs and currency.

c) No taxes or fees will be raised by the Federation on its own behalf.

d) Funds needed by the Federation for Defence, Foreign Affairs and Currency will be paid by the provinces on the basis of their population.

e) The amount of Zakat will be distributed in the same district from where it is collected.

f) To bring all the federally administered areas as regular districts within the jurisdiction of the respective Provinces except the federal capital.

g) The local bodies institutions will be strengthened with effective financial, administrative and legislative powers and constitutional protections.

h) To bring all the Cantonment Areas with the political ambit of the Local/ District/ City Government.

i) All Federal, Corporations and Autonomous Bodies Services including Defence will have equal provincial representation.

j) Governor will hold office during the pleasure of Provincial Assembly

(3) Restructured Polity
It is often said that Pakistan is a failed State. But no one has ascribed the reasons. If the feudal who inherited secured Assembly Seats, those moneyed people that could buy votes, the ones who could grab power through brute force or those who indulged in corruption, occupy the driving seat and control law and order, manage economic and financial affairs, dispense justice, become law makers, design foreign policy and treat the Country as their fiefdom, why to condemn the Nation?

MQM believes that fair and impartial elections alone is not sufficient for a Parliamentary Democratic order. Full and complete power needs to be transferred to the elected representatives after the election results are announced. The Establishment shall not influence Legislature and Judiciary in discharge of their functions and shall not interfere in the politics of the country. Some convention (on rotation basis) will be established to have the posts of President, Prime Minister, Speaker NA and Chairman Senate filled, keeping in view the adequate Provincial representation.

Structural changes needed to control budget deficits, optimise the tax base and reduce public debts will be effected through following measures:

a) Public Corporations that are running in losses have got to be privatised on priority basis through a transparent process.

b) Restrict the size of Federal and Provincial Cabinets to minimize expenditure.

c) Prime Minister and Chief Ministers will be allocated minimal secret funds, subject to audit by Public Accounts Committee.

d) The practice of mini-budgets- increase of taxes before or after budget session to be discarded by both Federal and Provincial Governments.

e) All taxes, duties and fees including revision shall only be imposed/levied with the approval of Assemblies.

f) President and Governors shall have no powers to promulgate any ordinance except in grave emergency and when Parliament/Assembly is not in session.

g) To curb corruption, it is proposed to transfer all the functions and powers being exercised by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) to the expanded Offices of Federal and Provincial Ombudsman.

h) The statutory Public Accounts Committees are to be streamlined and strengthened and made effective. The office of the Auditor General shall made more independent and effective. Appropriate and effective measures will also be taken to ensure a non-politicised bureaucracy

i) The utility Corporations like WAPDA, KESC, S/N GAS, PTCL etc., will have at-least one-third public representatives on their Board of Directors with a Chairman who is to be appointed by the government in consultation with the leader of the opposition, till these are privatised.

j) Statutory Provincial Finance Commissions be created through constitutional provision to appropriate funds for the Province and third tier government.

(4) Accelerated development of human capital
Pakistan’s adult literacy rate as exaggerated is 42.7%( by most reports it is 20%) with 56.3% male and 29% female against 67% male and 43% female of India and 91% male and 75% female of China respectively. Rural Areas in Pakistan are most neglected, having 45.4% male and 17.3% female literacy according to official claims. Sindh's rural literacy rate is 38.5% males & 11% females. Overall 2.2% of GNP is allocated to Education Sector in the national budget, but spent even less than 2%. On an average national budget allocates O.7% of GNP to Health sector. For every 10,000 population, there are 2.91 doctors, 0.89 nurses and 7.67 hospital beds. Only 21.76% of rural population has access to water supply whereas 8.91% has access to sanitation. More than 43% people in the country live below poverty line.

Pakistan’s economic growth strategy proved disastrous because of three reasons. First, Economists and Planners sole reliance and blind faith in the imported macro concept of GNP/GDP as indicators of development. Second, heavy dependence on foreign loans/assistance Third, accepting the advice of the foreign consultants and directives of the international financial institutions without appreciating the local conditions. Even the late switch over to market mechanism- deregulation could not produce the desired results. One of the reasons why we failed to have sustained or rather accelerated growth is the neglect to develop human resource. In this context two factors are important. First, why do we seek development? Second, what are the means that have to be employed to achieve the ends? China provided primary education, basic health services and equal status for women before it could launch its development plan. The first input to growth is thus human resource.

4.1 Education
We thus propose to:
a) Allocate 5% of GNP annually for education

b) Make Education compulsory up to 10th Class and impart Free Education up to Primary level.

c) Subsidise girls’ education in rural areas

d) Raise the standard of University education.

e) Bring 100% literacy rate in urban areas, 75% male and 50% female in rural areas within five years and cent per cent literacy within ten years

f) Grant scholarships for research within the country

g) Admission in higher education institutions strictly on merit

h) Increase the number of vocational training institutes for short courses for matriculates

i) Introduction of Information Technology as compulsory subject from 8th class in schools to 2nd year in Colleges.

j) Provincialise/localize University Grants Commission

k) Revise syllabi at all levels to meet the challenges of 21st Century

l) Empower the local government public representatives to monitor and evaluate the activities of the educational institutions within their areas.

m) All Private Colleges/Universities and equivalent educational/professional institutions will have Management Boards on which Provincial as well as City and District Assemblies shall nominate one elected representative on each such Board.

n) The furbishing, environment and quality of teachers and teaching of the government schools and colleges shall be improved.

o) Eradication of present dual system of education by enhancement the standard of education in all the schools up to the level of grammar schools.

p) Increased salaries, facilities and standard of training for teachers specially for primary and secondary school teachers.

q) Encouragement of organisations/individuals to spread education specially in rural areas on voluntary basis.

r) Regulate the private schools in an appropriate manner.

4.2 Health
a) Allocate 4% of GNP annually for health sector.

b) Introduction of comprehensive social security system.

c) Adopt a vertical four-tier system with specialized centres horizontally. Basic Health Unit (including Maternity and Child Welfare and Population Welfare Centres at every Union council HQ; Rural Health centres at every taluka/tehsil HQ; District Hospital at District HQ and Regional Hospitals at Regional level (old Divisional HQ) with Trauma Centres, Organ transplant centres, Cardio and Neuro Centres at regional level. Control infant mortality rate and deaths during pregnancy by increasing the standard of maternity centres and spreading of awareness amongst the masses.

d) Provide high-speed network linkage (Internet) at Taluka, District and Regional Hospital Units.

e) Compulsory Health Insurance for Government, semi-government, Corporate and Private Sector Companies employees including the retired ones for which 1/3rd premium will be paid by employees and 2/3rd by employers.

f) Bring down the prices of the medicines by reducing the general sales tax and through monitoring and regulation of pharmaceutical companies.

g) Control the quality of drugs and medicines.

h) Promote and legalize voluntary donation of (human) organs.

i) To control the spread of TB and HIV including subsidizing medicines for DOT, and other diseases through compulsory primary vaccination/inoculation and to ensure transfusion of safe blood.

j) Establish and attach training school for para-medical staff at each District Headquarter Hospital.

k) Provide potable piped water where population is 50,000 and above and potable raw water where population is 10,000 and above; sewerage or open drains and sanitation services through Union Council/Taluka Council/District & City Governments Boards (to be created if not already exist.

l) Concept of Adopt health institutions & Adopt education institutions be popularised.

4.3 Role/Status of Women
Women constitute almost 48% of the population of Pakistan, but a majority is neglected and ill-treated. At places they are treated just like chattels. The incidences of open discrimination, maltreatment, physical abuse, torture and rape of women and female children are common in Pakistan. Instead of providing justice and protection to the victims of these crimes, the state, state machinery and state laws become accomplice of the perpetrators of these innocent victims. Medieval social values, customs and religious laws are being used to victimise helpless women while the state and state machinery remain silent spectators. Even the female rape victims are being sentenced using religious laws promulgated by a military dictator. In this context the majority of female population have become third class citizens in Pakistan.

The female illiteracy rate is much higher in rural areas specially where male dominated society does not allow the womenfolk to become equal partners with men. Education and contacts outside the four-walls of their homes are denied in most of the areas.
To reduce or bring an end to this gender discrimination it is proposed to abolish all such laws that cause injustice and harassment to the female population.

Spread of education has already been proposed. But it is not enough. It will be more appropriate to provide more opportunities to women to join teaching profession. More training schools for female nurses, midwives and lady health visitors have got to be opened. Population Welfare Centres need to have at least 75% female staff on their roll. Education, health and social welfare departments should place no restriction on appointment of female officers/officials. A full-fledged campaign shall be launched to spread awareness amongst the people of Pakistan against the gender discrimination. Women shall be given appropriate and effective representation in every walk of life including elected bodies.

MQM in any case is against all gender discrimination and would provide maximum incentives to the female population to be equal partner with their counterparts.

(5) New paradigms of economic growth
The fifty-five years of Governmental development Plans failed to eliminate poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, common diseases and inequality of income and opportunity. It has been proved in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan that it was a mistake to take the growth rate of GNP alone to be the ultimate test of success. MQM believes that development of human resource, as outlined earlier, is to precede and to be prioritised if real development is to be achieved. For balanced and fast economic growth it is proposed:

· Pyramidal Economic Planning. Local and Provincial Planning Boards need to be established and the Perspective and or National Plan whether five Year or rolling, to be formulated on the recommendations of these Boards and with the consent and approval of the eight (two from each PA- one from the treasury and other from opposition benches) nominated representatives of the Provincial Assemblies Effective Population Welfare Program to reduce the growth rate from 2.7% to1.5% within five years.

· State Bank of Pakistan to be made completely autonomous with a Board of Directors having equal representation from each Province.

· Privatise all commercial, investment banks and DFIs with strict control, supervision and monitoring by State Bank.

· Full Market Mechanism through deregulation, elimination of bureaucratic controls, minimal use of public sector, and the expanded role of Stock Markets.

· Minimal reliance on foreign loan/assistance.

· Reduction of non-development expenditure by both Federal and Provincial Governments for which vigilance committees will be constituted.

· Industrialists, traders and exporters need to be protected from the excesses of Central/Provincial Boards of Revenue and other government departments.

· Achieve maximum industrialization with maximum privatisation, minimal regulations, encourage private industrial estates at each district.

· Poverty alleviation program through direct and indirect economic measures.

· Encourage formation of Private Capital Venture Organizations for availability of credit for viable projects with no obstructions by the bureaucracy.

· Provision be made to prohibit child labour and bonded labour houses/jails.

· Provide incentives with guarantees for investment in Pakistan to Pakistanis living abroad.

· Revised Labour Policy that does not hamper the production and assures a reasonable wage structure, congenial working conditions and sense of security amongst the labours.

· Develop Information Technology through private enterprise including telecom facilities to the Internet Service Providers for Internet services up to union council level.

· Privatise all sick industries and such organizations that hamper industrialization with an inbuilt mechanism to regulate and monitor their activities to protect the interest of workers and consumers.

· Down sizing or right sizing will be resorted to in phases in such a way that the displaced are absorbed by the new/expanded projects under the new economic policy.

It is also correlated with our Social Security System proposed earlier
· Accelerate development of Port Qasim, Gwadar and Keti Bunder Ports through private sector ( but ownership of the land shall remain vested in Government).

· Computerize the land ownership/tenancy/crop record in agrarian sector for better land administration.

· The Water Distribution Accord(s) shall not be tampered with, except with the unanimous consent of the provinces.

· No new irrigation projects that adversely affect the growers of lower riparian areas including Kalabagh Dam, Thar Flood Water Canal Project/Greater Thal Canal Project, be undertaken without the approval of all the Provincial Assemblies and by the Council of Common Interest.

· Ten million acre feet water down Kotri Barrage be made available for the protection of coastal area and wild life.

· WAPDA’s Power Distribution system be provincialised immediately till privatised.

· Compulsory procurement policy of agriculture commodities be abolished with no intra-province restriction on movement.

· All Corporations including Rice Corporation, Trading Corporation etc will be disbanded.

· Provincial Export Promotion Bureaus be reorganized with public representatives participation.

· The sharing formula between the owner of the land and the tenant in the ratio of 50:50 be enforced.

· Loans to small land owners and cultivators be supplemented through Grameen like bank/organization.

· Irrigation rates are to be rationalized. To be levied and collected as service charges for the actual water consumed.

· Water theft by big land owners has to be stopped and both the owner and the irrigation Executive Engineers be punished with fine and imprisonment.

· Elected Village/Union Councils should have effective involvement in transforming the rural economy. It includes distribution of input loans for seed/fertilizer/pesticide or supervision of warabandis(rotational), detection of water theft or verification of demand note for revenue/agriculture tax or resolution of disputes between tenant and owner over crop sharing or mutation of record of rights etc.

· Abolish Government Cooperative Department and instead encourage cooperative farming (including cattle and poultry), credit and marketing through private cooperatives.

· Environmental degradation shall be stopped. Grow more trees and stop deforestation campaign will be launched. Trees like eucalyptus that consume disproportionate water will not be planted in areas except that are threatened by water-logging menace. Air and noise pollution will be minimized.

· Solid Waste Management Schemes to be launched in metropolitan towns to begin with.

· Use of CNG will be encouraged.

· Priority will be given and incentives provided for the establishment of cottage industries on the pattern of sports goods/cutlery/surgical instruments industries established in Sialkot and Gujranwala.

· To develop mineral resources like fine quality Thar Coal, copper in Saindak, oil and gas in Baluchistan including offshore oil exploration and other minerals like bauxite, granite and marble etc.

· To implement Karachi Mass Transit Project.
· To provide road network in rural areas, launch Northern bye-pass Project, Karachi,

tone up the traffic management in urban areas and encourage private enterprise in road transport sector.

(6) Guarantees for security of life and property
The government and the state machinery have failed to protect the life and property of the common man in the province of Sindh in particular and other provinces in general. Broad day light extra-judicial killings, custodial deaths, sectarian and communal murders, killings in religious sanctuaries, tribal feuds resulting in gang rapes and massacre, dacoity, robbery, car jacking, arson and terrorism have shattered the confidence of the people. MQM proposes to grapple with the menace as under:

a) According to the principle of Autonomy, maintenance of law and order shall be the exclusive responsibility of the provincial governments. There shall be no Federal interference in any form.

b) All forces- federal and quasi federal for maintenance of law and order shall work under Home Minister (treasury bench) through a Board comprising a Member of provincial Assembly (from Opposition), Home Secretary and Chief of the Provincial Police, also duly shared and supported by the local government. The principle chain of command has got to be re-established.

c) Police has utterly failed to provide protection to the common man and is viewed as perpetrator of crime and lawlessness. No doubt it is indispensable for any civilized society, but the culture of police station has got to be changed. The police is required to transform its authoritative and coercive conduct/behaviour into a people friendly and service oriented force. All the police and administration have to be local having domicile of the province where they serve.

d) For each and every crime committed within his jurisdiction the station house officer shall be held responsible and liable for punishment for non-registration of first information report (FIR), or non-response to a complaint and or non-detection of the crime and the criminal.

e) Each PS will have a Police Monitoring Committee of elected representatives that would keep the local Chairman of the elected Council fully posted of the crime situation in their area for necessary action.

f) Re-designate Provincial Special Branch as Provincial Intelligence Bureau to become the ears and eyes of the Provincial Government. Its job will be to assist the Law and Order Board( as proposed above), district/city Nazims and the District Police Office for the maintenance of law and order and detection of crime but not to prop up the City/District or Provincial Government.

g) Executive Magistrate(s) for each District (for Chapter proceedings) may be appointed to work under the superintendence and control of District Coordination officer for the maintenance of law and order along with District Police.

h) Reconciliation Courts for minor offences will be established under each City/District/Taluka/Union Chairman for discouraging litigation.

i) Authorize all hospitals- private and public having more than 25 beds indoor facility, for dealing with medico-legal cases.

j) Establishment and linkage of Emergency Call Centres with all the Police stations within the District and all District Police Offices with Provincial HQ.

k) Improvement of Jails and its culture and establishment of Rehabilitation Centres for the released prisoners.

l) Parole system as in vogue in other civilized countries will be introduced.

(7) Eradication of a decadent feudal system
It is a proven fact that the seeds of democracy do not germinate in a soil infested with the germs of authoritarianism, economic pauperism and feudalism. To combat these evils we have already spelt out our priorities above.

Feudalism, the fountainhead of many vices, is major factor that retards the economic growth and obstructs the development of socio-economic and political institutions of the Country. Gang rapes, private jails, private jirga courts, forced labour, gender discrimination, treatment of girls like chattels, the marriages of minors with men of their grandfathers age, encroachment of small farmers land, torture killings, denial of the rightful share of the tenant, excess withdrawal of irrigation water in connivance with Irrigation functionaries, manipulation of revenue record with the help of patwari/tapedar, securing of votes for assembly elections through threats and coercion, perpetuation of vested interest in Assemblies to debar the unprivileged overwhelming majority from participation in political activity, misuse of police and administration to put the rivals behind bars, honour killing, brutal murders, family feud resulting in arson, rapes and murders, outraging the modesty of opponents womenfolk and parading them naked in open public places, creating cleavage between rural and urban population, denial of education to the women and poor, hold over the best educational institutions by a few, perpetuation of such economic policies that widen the gap between rich and poor, socially treating the teeming millions as their slaves etc are unending manifestations of feudalism.

Half-hearted land reforms have not created any dent on the unbridled exploitative powers of those who have feudal mentality. Their constituencies remain intact, come what may, they continue in dominating the Assemblies, and perpetuate and protect their vested interest. A break through is thus needed to release the exploited masses from the clutches of feudalism. Though a difficult task, MQM is determined to pursue the path of dynamism so as to lay the foundation for an egalitarian society and welfare state through some of the reforms that are listed below:

a) Bureaucracy needs to be denuded of all the discretionary powers that go to patronize the feudal.

b) Land Commission in each province be created afresh that will ensure the enforcement of such agrarian and land reforms that had been introduced/legislated by the earlier governments but due to politico-bureaucratic collusion could not be effected in letter and spirit.

c) The Commission will ensure full protection to the beneficiaries of such reforms so that the agricultural productivity is increased.

d) To eliminate the feudal hold over the rural areas overwhelmed by small farmers, measures have got to be adopted to provide alternative delivery system.

e) Direct short term credit for seed, fertilizer, pesticide; medium term loans for purchase of agriculture implements and installation of tube wells; state land for regular large villages as in Punjab instead of small hamlets as in Sindh; marketing without middlemen through private cooperatives and break-up of the trio: (i) landlord; (ii) police and (iii) revenue/irrigation functionary, will release the bulk of the disadvantaged/unprivileged from the clutches of the dominant privileged minority.

f) With the abolition of land revenue and related cesses and taxes, and introduction of agriculture income tax, the system of progressive taxation as in vogue in other sectors has got to be introduced.

g) To protect the rare species of birds and animals, shooting/hunting be allowed only under special rules. Providing hunting facilities to the bureaucrats, the landlords and influential persons with their patronage, perpetuate their tyrannical hold over the poor peasants. It is thus better to establish sanctuaries/safari parks to protect the wildlife and endangered species to attract tourists for providing income opportunities to the poor.

h) Effective implementation of existing laws to punish the feudals who set up their own private courts and jails.

i) Combat the social menace of honour killing.

j) Survey of most fertile riverian land specially in Sindh (within the flood protective embankments on river Indus from Guddu to Thatta) spread over an area of about 200,000 acres, mostly under unauthorized possession of big landlords, for its permanent disposal to small landowners and to landless cultivators. Ensure that the distribution of produce between the landlord and cultivator is made on equal basis strictly Stop misuse of forest. The Divisional and Range Forest Officers in league with landlords allot big chunks of non-surveyed lands to the landlords in the riverine areas on the pretext of development and cause wrongful gain to both forest functionary and landlord.

Feudalism can only be banished from the country by the sceptre that is made of three elements- education, communication and decentralization. Spread of education to every nook and corner of the country, bridging the communication/accessibility gap-through infrastructure like roads, rails, airways; print and electronic media and information technology and decentralization/delegation of power and authority to the lowest unit of administration are the only three sure ways to eradicate the evils of feudalism.